Products: Abaqus/Standard Abaqus/Explicit
B21 B21H B22 B22H B31 B31H B31OS B31OSH B32 B32H B32OS B32OSH
PIPE21 PIPE21H PIPE22 PIPE22H PIPE31 PIPE31H PIPE32 PIPE32H
Material:
Linear elastic, Young's modulus = 30 × 106, Poisson's ratio = 0.3.
Boundary conditions:
at end A, 
at end B.
Loading:
100.0 at end B. Only 
is applied for shell models.
Analogous problems are modeled in Abaqus/Explicit using linear beam and pipe elements. Unit density is prescribed for the material, and the solution is computed for unit time. Loads are applied smoothly for a quasi-static solution, similar to that from static analysis. The results using pipe elements are consistent to that using beam elements, both of which match the static analysis.
Displacements in regular beam elements
–8 × 10–3, 
8 × 10–3 at end 
,
4.92 × 10–3, 
3.2 × 10–3, 
3.2 × 10–3 at end B.
Displacements in open section beam elements
–6.02 × 10–2, .2 at end A,
8.0 × 10–2, 2.41 × 10–2 at end 
.
Displacements in pipe elements
–2.47 × 10–3, 2.47 × 10–3 at end A,
1.28 × 10–3, 
9.87 × 10–4, 
9.87 × 10–4 at end B.
Stress resultants in beam and pipe elements
0.0, 
100, 
–100, 
100.
Transverse shear = 0.0.
Displacements in shell elements
8 × 10–3 at node A, 3.2 × 10–3 at node B.
All beam and shell elements yield exact solutions. Pipe elements yield the following solutions:
–2.475 × 10–3, 2.475 × 10–3 at end ,
1.287 × 10–3, 
9.90 × 10–4, 
9.90 × 10–4 at end B.
B21 elements.
B21H elements.
B22 elements.
B22H elements.
B31 elements.
B31 elements with a nondefault value of slenderness compensation factor.
B31 elements with an internally calculated slenderness compensation factor.
B31H elements.
B31OS elements.
B31OSH elements.
B32 elements.
B32H elements.
B32OS elements.
B32OSH elements.
PIPE21 elements.
PIPE21H elements.
PIPE22 elements.
PIPE22H elements.
PIPE31 elements.
PIPE31H elements.
PIPE32 elements.
PIPE32H elements.
S4 elements.
S4R elements.
S4R5 elements.
S8R elements.
S8R5 elements.
S9R5 elements.
STRI65 elements.
B21 elements in Abaqus/Explicit.
B31 elements in Abaqus/Explicit.
PIPE21 elements in Abaqus/Explicit.
PIPE31 elements in Abaqus/Explicit.